C++ if/else語句
在C++編程中,if語句用於測試條件。 在C++中有多種類型的if語句,它們分別如下所示 -
-
if
語句 -
if-else
語句 - 嵌套
if
語句 -
if-else-if
階梯
1. C++ if語句
C++ if語句測試條件。 如果條件爲真,則執行。
if(condition){
//code to be executed
}
C++ if語句的執行流程圖如下所示 -
C++ if語句示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int num = 10;
if (num % 2 == 0)
{
cout<<"It is even number";
}
return 0;
}
執行上面代碼,得到以下結果 -
It is even number
2. C++ if-else語句
C++ if-else
語句也測試條件。 如果if
條件爲真,則執行if
塊中的代碼,否則執行else
塊中的代碼。
if(condition){
//code if condition is true
}else{
//code if condition is false
}
if-else執行的流程如下圖中所示 -
C++ if-else示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int num = 11;
if (num % 2 == 0)
{
cout<<"It is even number";
}
else
{
cout<<"It is odd number";
}
return 0;
}
執行上面代碼得到以下結果 -
It is odd number
C++ if-else示例:帶有來自用戶的輸入
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int num;
cout<<"Enter a Number: ";
cin>>num;
if (num % 2 == 0)
{
cout<<"It is even number"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"It is odd number"<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
執行上面代碼得到以下結果 -
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$ g++ ifelse.cpp && ./a.out
Enter a Number: 43
It is odd number
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$ g++ ifelse.cpp && ./a.out
Enter a Number: 22
It is even number
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$
3. C++ if-else-if梯形語句
C++ if-else-if梯形語句用於從多個語句中執行一個條件。
if(condition1){
//code to be executed if condition1 is true
}else if(condition2){
//code to be executed if condition2 is true
}
else if(condition3){
//code to be executed if condition3 is true
}
...
else{
//code to be executed if all the conditions are false
}
if-else-if語句的執行流程如下圖所示 -
C++ if-else-if示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int num;
cout<<"Enter a number to check grade:";
cin>>num;
if (num <0 || num >100)
{
cout<<"wrong number\n";
}
else if(num >= 0 && num < 50){
cout<<"Fail\n";
}
else if (num >= 50 && num < 60)
{
cout<<"D Grade\n";
}
else if (num >= 60 && num < 70)
{
cout<<"C Grade\n";
}
else if (num >= 70 && num < 80)
{
cout<<"B Grade\n";
}
else if (num >= 80 && num < 90)
{
cout<<"A Grade\n";
}
else if (num >= 90 && num <= 100)
{
cout<<"A+ Grade\n";
}
return 0;
}
執行上面示例代碼,得到以下結果 -
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$ g++ if-else-if.cpp && ./a.out
Enter a number to check grade:99
A+ Grade
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$ g++ if-else-if.cpp && ./a.out
Enter a number to check grade:59
D Grade
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$ g++ if-else-if.cpp && ./a.out
Enter a number to check grade:49
Fail
[yiibai@localhost cpp]$