通過Bag一對多映射示例（使用xml文件）
如果持久化類具有包含實體引用的列表對象，則需要使用一對多關聯來映射列表元素。 我們可以通過列表(list)或包(bag)來映射這個列表對象。
請注意，
bag不是基於索引的，而list是基於索引的。
在這裏，我們使用論壇的場景：論壇中一個問題有多個答案。
下面來看看看具有列表對象的持久化類。 在這種情況下，一個問題可以有多個答案，每個答案可能有自己的信息，這就是爲什麼這裏要使用列表(list)元素(包含答案對象)代表一個答案集合。Question類代碼如下 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.List;
public class Question {
private int id;
private String qname;
private List<String> answers;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getQname() {
return qname;
}
public void setQname(String qname) {
this.qname = qname;
}
public List<String> getAnswers() {
return answers;
}
public void setAnswers(List<String> answers) {
this.answers = answers;
}
}Question類有自己的信息，如id，answername，postedBy等。
package com.yiibai;
public class Answer {
private int id;
private String answername;
private String postedBy;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAnswername() {
return answername;
}
public void setAnswername(String answername) {
this.answername = answername;
}
public String getPostedBy() {
return postedBy;
}
public void setPostedBy(String postedBy) {
this.postedBy = postedBy;
}
}Question類具有包含實體引用的列表對象(即Answer類對象)。 在這種情況下，我們需要使用一對多的bag標籤來映射此對象。 下面來看看看我們如何映射它。
<bag name="answers" cascade="all">
<key column="qid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.yiibai.Answer"/>
</bag>通過一對多關聯在集合映射中映射包的示例
在這個例子中，我們將看到包含實體引用的映射列表的完整示例。創建一個Java項目：bagonetomany，其完整的目錄結構如下 -
1)創建持久化類
這個持久化類定義了類的屬性，包括List。
Question.java 代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.List;
public class Question {
private int id;
private String qname;
private List<String> answers;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getQname() {
return qname;
}
public void setQname(String qname) {
this.qname = qname;
}
public List<String> getAnswers() {
return answers;
}
public void setAnswers(List<String> answers) {
this.answers = answers;
}
}Answer.java 代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
public class Answer {
private int id;
private String answername;
private String postedBy;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAnswername() {
return answername;
}
public void setAnswername(String answername) {
this.answername = answername;
}
public String getPostedBy() {
return postedBy;
}
public void setPostedBy(String postedBy) {
this.postedBy = postedBy;
}
public String toString(){
return this.answername+", PostedBy "+this.postedBy;
}
}2)創建持久化類的映射文件
在這裏，我們創建了用於定義列表的question.hbm.xml文件。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.yiibai.Question" table="q501">
<id name="id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="qname"></property>
<bag name="answers" cascade="all">
<key column="type"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.yiibai.Answer" />
</bag>
</class>
<class name="com.yiibai.Answer" table="ans501">
<id name="id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="answername"></property>
<property name="postedBy"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>3)創建配置文件
此文件包含有關數據庫和映射文件的信息。hibernate.cfg.xml文件的代碼如下所示 -
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. -->
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="question.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>4)創建存儲數據的類
在這個類中，我們存儲Question類的數據。MainTest.java文件中的代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 但在5.1.0版本彙總，hibernate則採用如下新方式獲取：
// 1. 配置類型安全的準服務註冊類，這是當前應用的單例對象，不作修改，所以聲明爲final
// 在configure("cfg/hibernate.cfg.xml")方法中，如果不指定資源路徑，默認在類路徑下尋找名爲hibernate.cfg.xml的文件
final StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
// 2. 根據服務註冊類創建一個元數據資源集，同時構建元數據並生成應用一般唯一的的session工廠
SessionFactory sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(registry)
.buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
/**** 上面是配置準備，下面開始我們的數據庫操作 ******/
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 從會話工廠獲取一個session
// creating transaction object
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
Answer ans1 = new Answer();
ans1.setAnswername("java is a programming language");
ans1.setPostedBy("Ravi Su");
Answer ans2 = new Answer();
ans2.setAnswername("java is a platform");
ans2.setPostedBy("Sudhir Lee");
Answer ans3 = new Answer();
ans3.setAnswername("Servlet is an Interface");
ans3.setPostedBy("Jai Wong");
Answer ans4 = new Answer();
ans4.setAnswername("Servlet is an API");
ans4.setPostedBy("Arun");
ArrayList<Answer> list1 = new ArrayList<Answer>();
list1.add(ans1);
list1.add(ans2);
ArrayList<Answer> list2 = new ArrayList<Answer>();
list2.add(ans3);
list2.add(ans4);
Question question1 = new Question();
question1.setQname("What is Java?");
question1.setAnswers(list1);
Question question2 = new Question();
question2.setQname("What is Servlet?");
question2.setAnswers(list2);
session.persist(question1);
session.persist(question2);
t.commit();
session.close();
System.out.println("success");
}
}如何獲取列表的數據
在這裏，我們使用HQL來獲取Question類的所有記錄，包括答案。 在這種情況下，它從功能相關的兩個表中獲取數據。 在這裏，我們直接打印答案類的對象，但是我們已經在Answer類中覆蓋了返回 answername 和 postername 的toString()方法。 所以它打印answername 和 postername 而不是參考ID。
FetchData.java 代碼如下 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
public class FetchData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 但在5.1.0版本彙總，hibernate則採用如下新方式獲取：
// 1. 配置類型安全的準服務註冊類，這是當前應用的單例對象，不作修改，所以聲明爲final
// 在configure("cfg/hibernate.cfg.xml")方法中，如果不指定資源路徑，默認在類路徑下尋找名爲hibernate.cfg.xml的文件
final StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
// 2. 根據服務註冊類創建一個元數據資源集，同時構建元數據並生成應用一般唯一的的session工廠
SessionFactory sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(registry)
.buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
/**** 上面是配置準備，下面開始我們的數據庫操作 ******/
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 從會話工廠獲取一個session
// creating transaction object
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("from Question");
List<Question> list = query.list();
Iterator<Question> itr = list.iterator();
while (itr.hasNext()) {
Question q = itr.next();
System.out.println("Question Name: " + q.getQname());
// printing answers
List<Answer> list2 = q.getAnswers();
Iterator<Answer> itr2 = list2.iterator();
while (itr2.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(itr2.next());
}
}
session.close();
System.out.println("success");
}
}運行示例
首先運行 MainTest.java 等到以下結果 -
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.jboss.logging).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
Sun Mar 26 21:54:43 CST 2017 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Hibernate: alter table ans501 add constraint FKtppk9gq3v1rge6ntclgp1jucm foreign key (type) references q501 (id)
Hibernate: select max(id) from q501
Hibernate: select max(id) from ans501
Hibernate: insert into q501 (qname, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans501 (answername, postedBy, id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans501 (answername, postedBy, id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into q501 (qname, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans501 (answername, postedBy, id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans501 (answername, postedBy, id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: update ans501 set type=? where id=?
Hibernate: update ans501 set type=? where id=?
Hibernate: update ans501 set type=? where id=?
Hibernate: update ans501 set type=? where id=?
success再讀取上一步中存儲的信息，運行 FetchData.java 得到以下結果 -
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.jboss.logging).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
Sun Mar 26 21:51:56 CST 2017 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Hibernate: alter table ans501 add constraint FKtppk9gq3v1rge6ntclgp1jucm foreign key (type) references q501 (id)
Hibernate: select question0_.id as id1_1_, question0_.qname as qname2_1_ from q501 question0_
Question Name: What is Java?
Hibernate: select answers0_.type as type4_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_1_, answers0_.answername as answerna2_0_1_, answers0_.postedBy as postedBy3_0_1_ from ans501 answers0_ where answers0_.type=?
java is a platform, PostedBy Sudhir Wong
Servlet is an API, PostedBy Arun
Question Name: What is Servlet?
Hibernate: select answers0_.type as type4_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_1_, answers0_.answername as answerna2_0_1_, answers0_.postedBy as postedBy3_0_1_ from ans501 answers0_ where answers0_.type=?
Question Name: What is Java?
Hibernate: select answers0_.type as type4_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_1_, answers0_.answername as answerna2_0_1_, answers0_.postedBy as postedBy3_0_1_ from ans501 answers0_ where answers0_.type=?
java is a programming language, PostedBy Ravi Su
java is a platform, PostedBy Sudhir Lee
Question Name: What is Servlet?
Hibernate: select answers0_.type as type4_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_0_, answers0_.id as id1_0_1_, answers0_.answername as answerna2_0_1_, answers0_.postedBy as postedBy3_0_1_ from ans501 answers0_ where answers0_.type=?
Servlet is an Interface, PostedBy Jai Wong
Servlet is an API, PostedBy Arun
success