Java Jar API
JAR API
JAR API包括使用 manifest
文件的類。Manifest
類的一個對象表示一個manifest
文件。 在代碼中創建一個Manifest
對象,如下所示:
Manifest manifest = new Manifest();
可以從manifest
文件中讀取條目並向其寫入條目。要將一個條目添加到主部分,使用Manifest
類中的getMainAttributes()
方法獲取Attributes
類的實例,並使用其put()
方法繼續向其添加名稱/值對。
以下代碼將一些屬性添加到manifest
對象的主部分。已知的屬性名稱在Attributes.Name
類中定義爲常量。
例如,常量Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION
表示manifest
版本屬性名稱。
Manifest manifest = new Manifest();
Attributes mainAttribs = manifest.getMainAttributes(); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION, "1.0"); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MAIN_CLASS, "com.yiibai.Main"); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.SEALED, "true");
將單個條目添加到manifest
文件比添加到主條目稍微複雜一點。以下代碼顯示如何向Manifest
對象添加單個條目:
Map<String,Attributes> attribsMap = manifest.getEntries();
Attributes attribs = new Attributes();
Attributes.Name name = new Attributes.Name("Sealed");
attribs.put(name, "false");
attribsMap.put("com/yiibai/archives/", attribs);
要將manifest
文件添加到JAR文件,請在JarOutputStream
類的一個構造函數中指定它。例如,以下代碼創建一個jar
輸出流,以使用Manifest
對象創建一個test.jar
文件:
Manifest manifest = new Manifest();
JarOutputStream jos = new JarOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("test.jar")), manifest);
以下代碼創建包含Manifest
文件的JAR文件。
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.jar.Attributes;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream;
import java.util.jar.Manifest;
import java.util.zip.Deflater;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Manifest manifest = getManifest();
String jarFileName = "jartest.jar";
String[] entries = new String[2];
entries[0] = "images/logo.bmp";
entries[1] = "com/yiibai/Test.class";
createJAR(jarFileName, entries, manifest);
}
public static void createJAR(String jarFileName, String[] jarEntries,
Manifest manifest) {
try (JarOutputStream jos = new JarOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(jarFileName)), manifest)) {
jos.setLevel(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION);
for (int i = 0; i < jarEntries.length; i++) {
File entryFile = new File(jarEntries[i]);
if (!entryFile.exists()) {
return;
}
JarEntry je = new JarEntry(jarEntries[i]);
jos.putNextEntry(je);
addEntryContent(jos, jarEntries[i]);
jos.closeEntry();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void addEntryContent(JarOutputStream jos, String entryFileName)
throws IOException, FileNotFoundException {
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
entryFileName));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int count = -1;
while ((count = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
jos.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
bis.close();
}
public static Manifest getManifest() {
Manifest manifest = new Manifest();
Attributes mainAttribs = manifest.getMainAttributes();
mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION, "1.0");
mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MAIN_CLASS, "com.yiibai.Test");
mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.SEALED, "true");
Map<String, Attributes> attribsMap = manifest.getEntries();
Attributes a1 = getAttribute("Sealed", "false");
attribsMap.put("com/yiibai/", a1);
Attributes a2 = getAttribute("Content-Type", "image/bmp");
attribsMap.put("images/logo.bmp", a2);
return manifest;
}
public static Attributes getAttribute(String name, String value) {
Attributes a = new Attributes();
Attributes.Name attribName = new Attributes.Name(name);
a.put(attribName, value);
return a;
}
}
要從JAR文件的清單文件讀取條目,請使用JarInputStream
的getManifest()
類獲取Manifest
類的對象,如下所示:
JarInputStream jis = new JarInputStream(new FileInputStream("jartest.jar"));
Manifest manifest = jis.getManifest();
if (manifest != null) {
Attributes mainAttributes = manifest.getMainAttributes();
String mainClass = mainAttributes.getValue("Main-Class");
Map<String, Attributes> entries = manifest.getEntries();
}
從JAR文件訪問資源
可以通過使用JAR文件中的資源引用來構造URL對象。JAR文件URL
語法爲 -
jar:<url>!/{entry}
以下URL使用HTTP協議引用www.yiibai.com
上的test.jar
文件中的images/logo.bmp
JAR條目如下:
jar:http://www.yiibai.com/test.jar!/images/logo.bmp
以下URL使用文件協議引用c:\jarfiles\
目錄中的本地文件系統上的test.jar
文件中的images/logo.bmp
JAR條目:
jar:file:/c:/jarfiles/test.jar!/images/logo.bmp
要從類路徑中的JAR文件讀取images/logo.bmp
文件,可以使用類對象獲取輸入流對象,如下所示:
// Assuming that the Test class is in the CLASSPATH
Class cls = Test.class;
InputStream in = cls.getResourceAsStream("/images/logo.bmp")
還可以在JAR文件中獲取一個條目的URL對象,該路徑在類路徑中如下所示:
URL url = cls.getResource("/images/logo.bmp");