Spring Boot異常處理
處理API中的異常和錯誤並向客戶端發送適當的響應對企業應用程序有利。在本章中,將學習如何在Spring Boot中處理異常。
在繼續進行異常處理之前,瞭解以下註解。
控制器Advice
[@ControllerAdvice](https://github.com/ControllerAdvice "@ControllerAdvice")
是一個註解,用於全局處理異常。
異常處理程序
[@ExceptionHandler](https://github.com/ExceptionHandler "@ExceptionHandler")
是一個註釋,用於處理特定異常並將自定義響應發送到客戶端。使用以下代碼創建[@ControllerAdvice](https://github.com/ControllerAdvice "@ControllerAdvice")
類來全局處理異常 -
package com.yiibai.demo.exception;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
@ControllerAdvice
public class ProductExceptionController {
}
定義一個擴展RuntimeException
類的子類。
package com.yiibai.demo.exception;
public class ProductNotfoundException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
可以定義[@ExceptionHandler](https://github.com/ExceptionHandler "@ExceptionHandler")
方法來處理異常,如圖所示。 此方法應用於編寫Controller Advice
類文件。
@ExceptionHandler(value = ProductNotfoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<Object> exception(ProductNotfoundException exception) {
}
現在,使用下面給出的代碼從API中拋出異常。
@RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct() {
throw new ProductNotfoundException();
}
下面給出了處理異常的完整代碼。在此示例中,使用PUT API更新產品。 此處,在更新產品時,如果找不到產品,則將響應錯誤消息返回爲:"ProductNotFoundException"
。 請注意,ProductNotFoundException
異常類應該擴展RuntimeException
。
package com.yiibai.demo.exception;
public class ProductNotfoundException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
下面給出了用於全局處理異常的ControllerAdvice類。在這個類文件中定義任何異常處理方法。
package com.yiibai.demo.exception;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
@ControllerAdvice
public class ProductExceptionController {
@ExceptionHandler(value = ProductNotfoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<Object> exception(ProductNotfoundException exception) {
return new ResponseEntity<>("Product not found", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}
}
下面給出了Product Service API控制器文件以更新產品。 如果找不到產品,則拋出ProductNotFoundException
類。
package com.yiibai.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.yiibai.demo.exception.ProductNotfoundException;
import com.yiibai.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
static {
Product honey = new Product();
honey.setId("1");
honey.setName("Honey");
productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
Product almond = new Product();
almond.setId("2");
almond.setName("Almond");
productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
if(!productRepo.containsKey(id))throw new ProductNotfoundException();
productRepo.remove(id);
product.setId(id);
productRepo.put(id, product);
return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is updated successfully", HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
Spring Boot應用程序主類文件的代碼如下 -
package com.yiibai.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
產品POJO類的代碼如下 -
package com.yiibai.demo.model;
public class Product {
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Maven build的代碼 - 文件:pom.xml 如下所示 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yiibai</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle構建文件:build.gradle 的代碼如下 -
buildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = '1.5.8.RELEASE'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
group = 'com.yiibai'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
創建可執行的JAR文件,並使用Maven或Gradle命令運行Spring Boot應用程序,對於Maven,可以使用以下命令 -
mvn clean install
在控制檯看到有"BUILD SUCCESS"
之後,在目標目錄下找到JAR文件。對於Gradle,使用以下命令 -
gradle clean build
在控制檯看到有"BUILD SUCCESS"
之後,在build/libs
目錄下找到JAR文件。使用以下命令運行JAR文件 -
java –jar <JARFILE>
這將在Tomcat端口8080
上啓動應用程序,如下所示 -
現在點擊 POSTMAN 應用程序中的URL,更新URL爲 : http://localhost:8080/products/3 , 可以看到如下輸出 -