nanosleep - 暫停執行，在指定的時間

內容簡介

#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309 #include <time.h>

int nanosleep(const struct timespec **req*, struct timespec **rem*);

DESCRIPTION

nanosleep () delays the execution of the program for at least the time specified in  \req* . The function can return earlier if a signal has been delivered to the process. In this case, it returns -1, sets  errno  to  EINTR , and writes the remaining time into the structure pointed to by  rem  unless  rem  is NULL. The value of  \rem*  can then be used to call nanosleep () again and complete the specified pause.

The structure timespec is used to specify intervals of time with nanosecond precision. It is specified in <time.h> and has the form

struct timespec {
time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */
long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */
};

The value of the nanoseconds field must be in the range 0 to 999999999.

Compared to sleep(3) and usleep(3), nanosleep() has the advantage of not affecting any signals, it is standardized by POSIX, it provides higher timing resolution, and it allows to continue a sleep that has been interrupted by a signal more easily.

返回值

On successfully sleeping for the requested interval,  nanosleep () returns 0. If the call is interrupted by a signal handler or encounters an error, then it returns -1, with  errno  set to indicate the error.

錯誤

標籤

描述

EFAULT

問題從用戶空間複製信息。

EINTR

The pause has been interrupted by a non-blocked signal that was delivered to the process. The remaining sleep time has been written into *rem so that the process can easily callnanosleep() again and continue with the pause.

EINVAL

The value in the tv_nsec field was not in the range 0 to 999999999 or tv_sec was negative.

BUGS

The current implementation of  nanosleep () is based on the normal kernel timer mechanism, which has a resolution of 1/ HZ  s (see  time (7)). Therefore,  nanosleep () pauses always for at least the specified time, however it can take up to 10 ms longer than specified until the process becomes runnable again. For the same reason, the value returned in case of a delivered signal in * rem  is usually rounded to the next larger multiple of 1/ HZ  s.

Old behaviour

In order to support applications requiring much more precise pauses (e.g., in order to control some time-critical hardware),  nanosleep () would handle pauses of up to 2 ms by busy waiting with microsecond precision when called from a process scheduled under a real-time policy like  SCHED_FIFO  or  SCHED_RR . This special extension was removed in kernel 2.5.39, hence is still present in current 2.4 kernels, but not in 2.6 kernels.

In Linux 2.4, if nanosleep() is stopped by a signal (e.g., SIGTSTP), then the call fails with the error EINTR after the process is resumed by a SIGCONT signal. If the system call is subsequently restarted, then the time that the process spent in the stopped state isnot counted against the sleep interval.

遵循於

POSIX.1-2001.

另請參閱

• sched_setscheduler (2)

• timer_create (2)